colorful, flashy colors | single color (although may have other colors with the advent of new publishing techniques) |
illustrations/graphics | charts and diagrams, and not photos |
advertisements | table of contents on cover |
widely available | textual |
general/generic titles | fewer advertisements and more scholarly in nature |
intended for general audience | limited audience |
catchier article title | focused title, may include words journal, review, annals |
long titles | |
lower reading level | higher reading level, assumes prior knowledge |
specialized language | |
staff writers/ maybe not identified | authored articles, many times more than one person |
editorial /advisory board | |
sometimes opinion | usually based on research |
paid articles | means of passing on research and means of communication with colleagues |
good point for beginning research | |
no bibliography | footnotes and bibliography |
review of the literature | |
article begins with abstract |
Propaganda | Scholarship |
operates either many levels of both truth and falsehood | Strives for truth and admits weaknesses |
Presents one point of view as the only point of view | presents other points of view and may include dissenting points of view |
Misleads deliberately | Attempts to be fair-minded and admits bias or viewpoint |
Manipulates charts, graphs, statistics to support a premise | Interprets data carefully whether they support of refute a premise |
Provides ready-made answers and solutions to problems | Invites critical analysis |
Results in changed attitude and /or motivation to action to be successfu | Invites continuing research |