| colorful, flashy colors | single color (although may have other colors with the advent of new publishing techniques) |
| illustrations/graphics | charts and diagrams, and not photos |
| advertisements | table of contents on cover |
| widely available | textual |
| general/generic titles | fewer advertisements and more scholarly in nature |
| intended for general audience | limited audience |
| catchier article title | focused title, may include words journal, review, annals |
| long titles | |
| lower reading level | higher reading level, assumes prior knowledge |
| specialized language | |
| staff writers/ maybe not identified | authored articles, many times more than one person |
| editorial /advisory board | |
| sometimes opinion | usually based on research |
| paid articles | means of passing on research and means of communication with colleagues |
| good point for beginning research | |
| no bibliography | footnotes and bibliography |
| review of the literature | |
| article begins with abstract |
| Propaganda | Scholarship |
| operates either many levels of both truth and falsehood | Strives for truth and admits weaknesses |
| Presents one point of view as the only point of view | presents other points of view and may include dissenting points of view |
| Misleads deliberately | Attempts to be fair-minded and admits bias or viewpoint |
| Manipulates charts, graphs, statistics to support a premise | Interprets data carefully whether they support of refute a premise |
| Provides ready-made answers and solutions to problems | Invites critical analysis |
| Results in changed attitude and /or motivation to action to be successfu | Invites continuing research |